You are here
Theoretical foundations of the emergence and development of crisis phenomena in economic systems
The article summarizes the theoretical foundations of the emergence and development of crisis phenomena in economic systems and the peculiarities of their manifestation at the macro level. It is emphasized that the economic crisis represents a complexly structured and multifactorial system of relationships with the external environment, as well as a multicomponent internal structure, which complicates the process of its study. It has been established that in the scientific literature, the position of considering the crisis as an unfavorable situation in the development of individual economic systems prevails, however, there are different approaches to the definition of this concept, as well as the predominance of its favorable and unfavorable characteristics.
The theoretical principles of economic science regarding the understanding of the essence of economic crises are summarized and the following approaches are highlighted: classical, rational combination of market self-regulation and state regulation, intermediary-behavioral. It was established that the crisis was viewed as a factor of negative impact on the economy, caused by the instability of the markets, and also as a process that requires prompt response in order to stabilize the crisis situation and neutralize its consequences.
Attention is drawn to such a characteristic of the crisis as its duration, which depends on the state of the external and internal environment of the functioning of economic systems, which requires a detailed identification of its factors and vectors of influence. The existing approaches to the definition of the concept of «crisis» are systematized and two main groups are distinguished, one of which considers the crisis as a negative phenomenon, and the second – as a turning point in the life cycle of the enterprise, as an impulse for further development, which can have both negative and positive effects. consequences. On the basis of which, a conclusion was made about the need for the management of any enterprise to monitor its functioning environment in order to identify possible causes of crises and their monitoring. It is substantiated by the reasons for the probability of a crisis at the enterprise level due to changes in the external and internal environment of its functioning. It is proposed to distinguish the concept of «crisis» as a state of the enterprise, which involves its disorganization, and «crisis process» as an unstable, dynamic process of changing the values of the main parameters of its internal and external environment. The author's approach to the examination of the crisis involves considering the state of the enterprise at the breaking point, which is determined by the contradictions between the internal and external environment, which, in the absence of the possibility of their resolution, can cause irreversible consequences for it functioning system. Regarding the understanding of the crisis process, it should be considered as a process that changes the state of the enterprise due to the influence of contradictions between the internal and external environment, which constantly changes the values of their main parameters and has a continuous, dynamic, unstable, cyclical nature. It is argued that the crisis process begins to arise if the internal state of the enterprise does not match its macro environment, which can lead to its possible liquidation.
The need to study the crisis according to the stages of the crisis process is substantiated, which will allow to determine the bifurcation points at which the enterprise becomes unstable, according to the periods of the development of the crisis process, and to distinguish the following types of crisis: strategic, liquidity, insolvency, critical.
Key words: crisis, crisis process, economic system, enterprise, crisis duration, bifurcation points.
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5119-1748REFERENCES
1. Katsytska, H., Namliiev, Ye. (2023). Kryzovi yavyshcha yak osnova vynyknennia destabilizatsiinykh protsesiv v ekonomitsi: aktualnist teorii tarozvytok kryzysolohichnykh doslidzhen [Crisis phenomena as the basis of the emergence of destabilizing processes in the economy: the relevance of theories and the development of crisis research]. Kyivskyi ekonomichnyi naukovyi zhurnal [Kyiv Economic Scientific Journal]. 103–116 pp. Available at: https://doi. org/10.32782/2786-765X/2023-1-13
2. Hryhorieva, O., Mishchenko, A. O. (2017). Kryzovi yavyshcha v ekonomitsi ta yikh proiavy napidpryiemstvi [Crisis phenomena in the economy and their manifestations at the enterprise]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia: Mizhnarodni ekonomichni vidnosyny ta svitovu hospodarstvo [Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Series: International economic relationsand the world economy]. Issue 13(1). 76-79 pp.
3. Tkachuk, A. Yu., Biliak, T. O., Vyhovskyi, V. H. (2023). Rozuminnia pryrody kryz ta ryzykiv u protsesi zabezpechennia efektyvnosti upravlinnia pidpryiemstvom [Understanding the nature of crises and risks in the process of ensuring the effectiveness of enterprise management]. Ekonomika, upravlinnia ta administruvannia [Economy, management and administration]. 1(103), 70–75 pp. Available at: https://doi. org/10.26642/ema-2023-1(103)-70-75
4. Khryniuk, O., Ocheretiana, O. (2021). Faktory vynyknennia kryzovykh yavyshch ta zabezpechennia staloho rozvytku pidpryiemstva [Factors of crisis phenomena and ensuring sustainable development of the enterprise]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo [Economy and society]. Vol. (26). Available at: https://doi. org/10.32782/2524-0072/2021-26-47
5. NBU. Shchomisiachnyi makroekonomichnyi ta monetarnyi ohliad berezen 2024 roku [Monthly Macroeconomic and Monetary Review March 2024].Available at: https://bank.gov.ua/admin_uploads/article/MMR_2024-03.pdf?v=7
6. Dubel, M. (2022). Tsyrkuliarna ekonomika yak mekhanizm dosiahnennia tsilei staloho rozvytku v umovakh hlobalizatsii ta didzhytalizatsii svitovoi ekonomiky [Circular economy as a mechanism for achieving the goals of sustainable development in the conditions of globalization and digitalization o fthe world economy]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo [Economy and society]. Vol.(39). Available at: https://doi.
org/10.32782/2524-0072/2022-39-13
7. Tiurina, N. M., Karvatska, N. S., Nazarchuk, T. V. (2019). Kryzy u rozvytku sotsialno-ekonomichnykh system ta prychyny yikh vynyknennia [Crises in the development of socio-economic systems and their causes]. Visnyk Khmelnytskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Ekonomichni nauky [Bulletin of the Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences]. No. 1. 198–203 pp.
8. Mill Stuart John. Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. Available at: http://digamoo.free.fr/ mill1848-1.pdf
9. Marks, K. Kapital [Capital]. Krytyka politychnoi ekonomii [Criticism of political economy]. Tom I. Kn. I. Per. z nim. za red. D. Rabynovycha. Kyiv: Partvydav TsK KP(b)U. 1934 p.
10. Acharya, R. C. (2016). ICT use and total factor productivity growth: intangible capital or productive externalities? Oxford economic papers. № 1. 16– 39 pp.
11. Willett Allan, H. The Economic Theory of Risk and Insurance. Available at: https://www.casact.org/sites/default/files/database/forum_91wforu m_91wf469.pdf
12. Keynes, J. M. A Treatise on Probability. Available at: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32625/32625- pdf.pdf
13. Reimann, B. C. (1990). Managing for value: A guide to value-based strategic management. Blackwell Pub. 240 p.
14. Charles, R. Hulten, Janet X. Hao (2012). The role of intangible capital in the transformation andgrowth of the Chinese economy. Cambridge, Mass.:
National Bureau of Economic Research, 44 р.
15. Hes, Aleš (2021). Globalization – the source of new crises. SHS Web of Conferences 129, 10004. Available at: https://www.shs- conferences.org/articles/ shsconf/pdf/2021/40/shsconf_glob2021_10004.pdf
16. Fortunapo Piergiueppe. Rethinking globalisation in an age of crises. Available at: https://www. socialeurope.eu/rethinking-globalisation-in-an-age-ofcrises
17. Shust, O. A., Varchenko, O. M., Krysanov, D. F. (2023). Ahrarni ta ahroprodovolchi struktury v umovakh posylennia turbulentnosti: monohrafiia [Agrarian and agro-food structures in conditions of increased turbulence: monograph]. Kyiv: «TROPEA», 440 p.
18. Sobkevych, O. V., Shevchenko, A. V., Rusan, V. M. (2022). Antykryzova polityka v realnomu sektori ekonomiky Ukrainy: priorytetni napriamy i zavdannia [Anti-crisis policy in the real sector of the economy ofUkraine: priority directions and tasks].72 p. Available at: https://niss.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2022-07/antikriz-realsektor-doklad- 2022-pogodzheno_07.pdf
19. Kondratiev, N. D. (1935). The long waves in economic life. The Review of Economics and Statistics. Vol. 17, No. 6. 20. Zhavoronok, A. V. (2021). Teoretychni osnovy doslidzhennia klasyfikatsii ekonomichnykh tsykliv[Theoretical foundations of the study of the classification of economic cycles]. Problemy i perspektyvy ekonomiky ta upravlinnia [Problems and prospects of economics and management] No. 4 (28). 26-34 pp.
21. Kuznets, S. S. (1926). Cyclical Fluctuations:Retail and Wholesale Trade, United States, 1919–1925. New York.
22. Juglar, C. (1862). Des crises commerciales et de leur retour periodigue en France < en Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis. Clement Juglar. Paris.
23. Kitchin, Joseph (1923). Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 5, No. 1. 10–16 pp. Available at: https://doi. org/10.2307/1927031
24. Shust, O. A., Varchenko, O. M., Krysanov, D. F., Drahan, O. O., Tkachenko, K. V. (2022). Suchasniahrarni kryzy i skladovi stiikosti kharchovoi industrii Ukrainy [Modern agrarian crises and components of sustainability of the food industry of Ukraine]. Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK [Economy and managementof agriculture]. No. 1. 6–26 pp. Available at: doi. org/10.33245/2310-9262-2022-172-1-6-26
25. Shust, O. A., Varchenko, O. M., Krysanov, D. F., Dragan, O. O., Tkachenko, K. V., Varchenko, O.
O. (2024). Modern trends in the development of plant production under agrarian crises. Agricultural Science and Practice10(3), 16–34 pp. Available at: https://doi. org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.016
26. Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row, 381 p.
27. Mushnikova, S. A. (2020). Formuvanniaparametrychnykh obmezhen bezpeky rozvytku ta zhyttievykh tsykliv pidpryiemstva [The formation of parametric restrictions on the security of the devel opment and life cycles of the enterprise]. BusinessInform. No. 2. 252–258 pp. Available at: https://doiorg/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-2-252-258
28. Green, Peter Sheldon (1994). Winning PRTactics: Effective Techniques to Boost Your Sales. Financial Times Prentice Hall, 192 р.
29. Grenz, Т. (1987). Deminsionen und Typen der Unternehmenskrise: Analysemoeglichkeiten Auf DerGrundlage Von Jahresabschlussinformationen. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH, 294 р.
30. Barton, L. (1993). Crisis in organizations: Managing and communicating in the Heat of Chaos. Cincinnati. Ohio: SouthWestern, 256 p.
31. Ligonenko, L. O. (2005). Anti-crisis management of the enterprise: textbook. K.: KNTEU. 824 p.
32. Tkachenko, A. M., Yelets, O. P. (2010). Suchasnyi pidkhid do antykryzovoho upravlinnia mashynobudivnym pidpryiemstvom. Monohrafiia [A modern approach to anti-crisis management of a machine-building enterprise. Monograph]. Zaporizhzhia: Publishing House of the Zaporizhia State Engineering Academy. 277 p.
33. Blank, I. A. (2014). Finansovyi menedzhment: pidruchnyk [Financial management: a textbook]. K.: Nika-Center. 656 p.
34. Pauchant, T. C. (1996). La gestionsystemique des crises et la prevention de la contr-production. Rev. Francaise de Gestion. 1996. № 108. 90– 99 pp. Available at: https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ ID=200902152 169842457
35. Tkachenko, A. M., Kalyuzhna, Yu. V. (2013). Kryza: sutnist, klasyfikatsiia ta prychyny vynyknennia [Crisis: essence, classification and causes of occurrence]. Teoretychni i praktychni aspekty ekonomiky ta intelektualnoi vlasnosti [Theoretical and practical aspects of economics and intellectual property]. 2013. Vol.
2. No 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31498/2225- 6407.1.2013.18985
36. Kulinyak, I. Ya., Zhigalo, I. I., Horbenko, T. M. (2021). Kryzovi sytuatsii na pidpryiemstvakh: sutnist, klasyfikatsiia, zahrozy vynyknennia ta zakhody reahuvannia [Crisis situations at enterprises: essence, classification, threats and response measures]. Ekonomika ta upravlinnia pidpryiemstvamy [Economics and enterprise management]. 2021. Issue 51. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.32843/infrastruct51-27
37. Fink, S. (2000). Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable. Bloomington: iUniverse. 245 р.
38. Krystek, U. (1987). Unternehmungskrisen: Beschreibung, Vermeidung und Bewältigung überlebenskritischer Prozesse in Unternehmungen. German: Gabler, Wiesbaden. 328 р.
39. Muller-Stewens, G. (2016). Strategisches Management: wie strategische Initiativen zum Wandel fuhren. Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel. 702 р. Available at: https://ebooks fachzeitungen de.ciando.com/img/ books/extract/379 9269827_lp.pdf
40. Pauchant, T., Mitroff, I. (1992). Transforming the Crisis-Prone Organization: Preventing Individual, Organizational, and Environmental Tragedies JosseyBass, San Francisco. 227 p. Available at: https://doi. org/10.1002/sres.3850090410
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
 hryhorian_1_2024_59-73.pdf | 661.61 KB |