You are here
The purpose of the study is to summarize the main prerequisites for reforming bank profit taxation in Ukraine and assess the fiscal effects of reforming bank profit taxation
The study was conducted based on data on banking performance in 2020-2024, published by the National Bank of Ukraine and data on the performance of commercial banks, as well as data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on GDP, data from the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on the volume of public debt on domestic government loan bonds, data from the National Bank of Ukraine on the dynamics of the discount rate. When writing the article, general and special research methods were used, such as analysis methods (when studying the dynamics of financial results of commercial banks in Ukraine and calculating the real (effective) income tax rate), correlation and regression analysis (when determining the factors influencing the amount of accrued income tax), comparison (when comparing the dynamics of tax burden indicators in Ukraine and EU member states), etc.
It is substantiated that the reform of bank profit taxation in Ukraine took place in the face of complex socio-economic, political and geopolitical challenges and martial law that faced Ukrainian society and required the search for additional revenues to budgets of various levels to finance the needs of defense, security and support of the economy, its post-war recovery. The main directions of the tax reform in terms of profit taxation were an increase in the base rate exclusively for banks from 18% to 50%, as well as changes in the application of differences, which had a fiscal effect of about UAH 70 billion against target indicators from the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine in the amount of UAH 24-25 billion, the maximum approximation of the base and real profit tax rates. It is proven that the reform of the taxation of commercial banks' profits took place in violation of certain principles of taxation (equality of all taxpayers before the law, prevention of any manifestations of tax discrimination, neutrality of taxation, stability, fiscal sufficiency). It is recommended to review the main approaches to taxation by introducing a tax on excess profits of banks from government bonds, that is, direct taxation of high-yielding government securities in the event of receiving such excess profits, which minimizes the negative impact on the dynamics of banking activity indicators and macroeconomic indicators, as well as the investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian banking sector for foreign banking groups.
Keywords: commercial banks, taxation of profits, tax shifting, profit tax, tax burden on banks, government bonds, fiscal effects.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1333-03971. Openbudget. Available at: https://openbudget.gov.ua/national-budget/expenses?class=functional&view=table
2. Irshak, O., Yurchenko, O., Irshak, I. (2023). Opodatkuvannia bankivskoho biznesu v Ukraini v umovakh voiennoho stanu [Taxation of banking business in Ukraine under martial law]. Ekonomichnyi prostir [Economic Space]. Vol. 187, pp. 164-169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32782/2224-6282/187-27
3. Buriachenko, A. Ie. (2018). Osoblyvosti opodatkuvannia bankivskoi diialnosti v Ukraini [Peculiarities of taxation of banking activities in Ukraine]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Seriia «Ekonomika» [Scientific notes of the National University "Ostroh Academy". Series "Economy"]. no. 11 (39), pp. 109–114. DOI: 10.25264/2311-5149-2018-11(39)-109-114
4. Kliusko, L. A. (2019). Teoretychni aspekty formuvannia podatkovoho potentsialu bankivskoi systemy [Theoretical aspects of the formation of the tax potential of the banking system]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalnoho universytetu «Ostrozka akademiia». Seriia «Ekonomika» [Scientific notes of the National University "Ostroh Academy". Series "Economy"]. no. 12(40), pp. 106–112. DOI: 10.25264/2311-5149-
2019-12(40)-106-112
5. Matviichuk, N., Tesliuk, S., Prots. N. (2025). Opodatkuvannia ukrainskykh bankiv v umovakh voiennoho stanu [Taxation of Ukrainian banks under martial law]. Kyivskyi ekonomichnyi naukovyi zhurnal [Kyiv Economic Scientific Journal]. no. 9, pp. 190-195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-765X/2025-9-25
6. Pidlypna, R. P., Rybakova, L. P., Yuhas, E. F. (2024). Osoblyvosti opodatkuvannia komertsiinykh bankiv v Ukraini [Peculiarities of taxation of commercial banks in Ukraine]. Formuvannia rynkovykh vidnosyn v Ukraini [Formation of market relations in Ukraine]. no. 4, pp. 5-10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12207871
7. Sych, O.A., Kozachuk, O.V. (2022). Svitovyi dosvid opodatkuvannia bankiv [World experience in taxation of banks]. Intelekt ХХІ [Intellect XXI]. no. 3, pp. 18-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/24158801/2022-3.3
8. Tkachyk, F., Serbin, O. (2025). Yevropeiski tendentsii ta ukrainski realii opodatkuvannia bankivskykh ustanov [European trends and Ukrainian realities of taxation of banking institutions]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo [Economy and society]. no. 71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2025-71-112.
9. Brezhnieva-Iermolenko, O. V. Khaliavka, M.A. (2018). Podatkove navantazhennia bankivskoho sektoru yak indykator efektyvnosti yoho funktsionuvannia [Tax burden of the banking sector as an indicator of the effectiveness of its functioning]. Finansovyi prostir [Financial space]. no. 1, pp. 16-23.
10. Kmit, V.M., Savotska, M. Ia. (2018). Napriamy vdoskonalennia systemy opodatkuvannia diialnosti bankivskykh ustanov [Directions for improving the system of taxation of banking institutions]. Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia : Ekonomika i menedzhment [Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanitarian University. Series: Economics and Management]. no. 33, pp. 104-110.
11. Shvabii, K. I., Nimak, Ia. O. (2023). Otsinka administruvannia podatku na prybutok komertsiinykh bankiv: analiz ta rekomendatsii [Assessment of the administration of the tax on the profit of commercial banks: analysis and recommendations]. Mizhnarodnyi naukovyi zhurnal "Internauka" [International scientific journal "Internauka"]. no. 20, pp. 33-39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.25313/2520-2057-2023-20.
12. Khalatur, S. M., Hrabchuk, O. M., Karamushka, O. M., Bondar, T. O. (2023). Rozvytok opodatkuvannia
finansovykh rezultativ komertsiinykh bankiv Ukrainy [Development of taxation of financial results of commercial banks of Ukraine]. Ahrosvit [Agrosvit. no. 3-4, pp. 18-23. DOI: 10.32702/2306-6792.2023.3-4.18.
13. Chepeliuk, H. M. (2020). Analiz podatkovoho navantazhennia komertsiinykh bankiv v Ukraini [Analysis of the tax burden of commercial banks in Ukraine]. Efektyvna ekonomika [Effective economy]. no. 12. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/efek_2020_12_67. DOI: 10.32702/2307-2105-2020.12.115
14. Chaudhry, S. M., Chaudhry, S. M. (2024). The impact of bank taxation on profits and risks of banks in a developing country: A case for bank taxation in Ghana (January 15, 2024). Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3510697. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3510697
15. Petryk, O.I., Zorianskyi, V. A., (2019). Podatkove navantazhennia v konteksti zabezpechennia stabilnosti bankivskoi systemy [Tax burden in the context of ensuring the stability of the banking system]. Innovatsiina ekonomika [Innovative economy]. no. 3-4 (79), pp. 141-149.
16. Fursova, V. A., Havrysh, H. O., Perepelytsia, Iu. H. (2021). Teoretychni aspekty podatkovykh ryzykiv
u diialnosti bankivskykh ustanov yak element podatkovoi bezpeky [Theoretical aspects of tax risks in the activities of banking institutions as an element of tax security]. Pryazovskyi ekonomichnyi visnyk [Pryazovsky economic bulletin]. no. 6, pp. 104-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32840/2522-4263/2021-6-19
17. Borsuk, M., Przeworska, J., Saunders, A., Serwa, D. (2024)/ The macroeconomic costs of the bank tax. Journal of Financial Stability. Vol. 72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2024.101262.
18. Masalitina, V. V., Hoshovska, V. V., Karlova, I. O., Tkachuk, T. I., Nakonechna, S. A. (2025). Opodatkuvannia prybutku banku: oblik ta analiz za novatsiiamy podatkovoi reformy [Taxation of bank profits: accounting and analysis according to tax reform innovations]. Investytsii: praktyka ta dosvid [Investments: practice and experience]. no. 2, pp. 128-134. DOI:10.32702/2306-6814.2025.2.128/
19. Busra, A. Y., Irawan, Y., Syarifudin, N. H. (2023). The Impact of Deferred Tax and Tax-to-Book Ratio on Financial Performance of the Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Oblik i finansy [Accounting
and Finance], no. 2, pp. 147-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2023-2(100)-147-152.
20. Borsuk, M., Kowalewski, O., Qi, J. (2023). The dark side of bank taxes. Journal of Banking & Finance. Vol. 157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.107041.
21. Volk, M. (2024). Ad hoc bank taxation and credit supply. Economic Notes. Vol. 53, e12241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12241
22. Sobiech, A. L., Chronopoulos, D. K., Wilson, J. O.S. (2021). The real effects of bank taxation: Evidence for corporate financing and investment. Journal of Corporate Finance. Vol. 69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101989.
23. Albertazzi, U., Gambacorta, L. (2010). Bank profitability and taxation. Journal of Banking & Finance.
Vol. 34, iss. 11, pp. 2801-2810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.06.003.
24. Shirinian, L.V., Boyko, S.V., Tolstenko, O.Iu. (2023). Podatkove navantazhennia z podatku na prybutok pidpryiemstv kharchovoi promyslovosti Ukrainy [Tax burden from income tax on food industry enterprises of Ukraine]. Ekonomika ta upravlinnia APK [AIC Economics and Management], no. 1, pp. 87–101. DOI: 10.33245/2310-9262-2023-181-1-87-101.
25. Davydenko, N., Boiko, S., Cherniavska, O., Nehrey, M. (2023). Analysis of the Impact of State-Owned Banks on the Sustainability of Public Finances. Economies. Vol. 11, 229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11090229.
26. Pekanov, A., Schratzenstaller, M. (2025). The taxation of the EU’s Financial Sector Options and experiences. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/296160/Financial%20Sector%20Taxation_Presentation_ppt_2025%20final.pdf.
27. NBU ochikuie vid 20 mlrd hrn do biudzhetu vid pidvyshchennia podatku na prybutok bankiv do 38% [NBU expects UAH 20 billion to the budget from increasing bank profit tax to 38%]. Available at: https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/935331.html.
28. Guelfi, F., Sancho, I., Dusek, M., Rajathurai, B., Sánchez, J. J. (2024). The uncertain rise of windfall taxes on banks in Europe. Available at: https://www.aoshearman.com/en/insights/the-uncertainrise-of-windfall-taxes-on-banks-in-europe.
29. Osnovni pokaznyky diialnosti bankiv Ukrainy [Main performance indicators of Ukrainian banks]. Available at: https://bank.gov.ua/ua/statistic/supervision-statist.
30. Albertazzi, U., Gambacorta, L. (2007). Bank Profitability and Taxation (November 2007). Bank of Italy Temi di Discussione (Working Paper) No. 649. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1075243. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1075243.
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
 ekon_2_2025_11_139-151.pdf | 703 KB |