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Foreign experience in digitalization of agricultural production and directions of its use in domestic practice
The article summarizes the experience of leading countries in the world in the implementation of digital technologies and services by agricultural producers and justifies the directions of its use in domestic practice. The main global risks and the impact of Russia's unprovoked invasion, which affect the development of the domestic agricultural economy, are highlighted, and the conclusion is drawn about the need to intensify the processes of introducing digital technologies and services into the activities of the industry producers. The main programs of the agricultural digitalization program, which were allocated by the World Bank, are revealed, namely: climate-smart agriculture; digital advisory services; digital financial services; digital market connections. The strategic programs for the digitalization of agriculture in the European Union are highlighted, which present the goals of digital transformation by 2030, which provide for an increase in public and private investments in artificial intelligence, preparatory work for socio-economic changes, and ensuring the appropriate ethical and legal framework. The main financial support tools for both European farmers and developers of digital technologies are summarized, which will contribute to the use of advantages in ensuring sustainable development of agriculture. The experience of the USA is studied, where the digitalization of agriculture is carried out on the basis of the spread of the following digital technologies: satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle visualization systems, Internet of Things (IoT) sensing systems, robotic systems. Bottlenecks in the practice of using digital technologies by American farmers are identified, which also occur in domestic conditions. The need to train agricultural specialists with knowledge and skills in using digital products is emphasized, as well as the establishment of retraining of agricultural enterprises specialists at advanced training courses based on Ukrainian agricultural higher education institutions is established. It is established that in the UK there is a comprehensive program of support for both developers and users of digital technologies based on the provision of grants for the implementation and promotion of digital agricultural technologies. The functions of the Agricultural Innovation Program Fund are revealed, the main task of which is to activate the development of innovative practices and technologies. The conclusion is made about the uniqueness of Japan's experience in the digitalization of agricultural production, where a number of strategic programs have been introduced to promote the digitalization of agriculture. It is established that today Japanese agricultural models are exported to other countries of the world. The author systematizes the experience of India, where the spread of digital technologies in agriculture is slow, but favorable conditions have been created for their spread through the functioning of the appropriate infrastructure. It is proven that in Ukrainian practice the use of digital technologies and services lags behind the leading countries of the world and the need to strengthen state support for agricultural producers, scientific and educational institutions is emphasized on the basis of the development of a strategic program for the digitalization of agriculture, in which it is advisable to provide for a mechanism for grant financing of projects and the creation of a national digital infrastructure.
Key words: agricultural enterprises, digital infrastructure, digital technologies, state support, digital platforms, 5G technologies, smart agriculture.
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