You are here

Institutional traps of land reform in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories

  

 The article considers topical issues of institutional support of land reform in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories. The purpose of the research is to disclose the content of key institutional traps of the land market in the context of sustainable development of communities and territories of Ukraine (primarily rural) taking into account the challenges of martial law. It is shown that the land is not only an operational basis for the creation of villages, cities, agglomerations, resettlement systems; this is also an important factor in agricultural production. The necessity of transformation of old and creation of new institutions or "rules of the game" in the field of land relations and agricultural production for sustainable development of communities and territories is substantiated. It is noted that among these institutions there are also those that produce negative results. V.M. Polterovich defines them as institutional traps. Institutional traps that appeared as a result of the transfer of agricultural land of state ownership to the communal. The problem manifestations that they have or can have in the aspect of sustainable development of communities and territories, especially in the conditions of martial law, are analyzed, namely: inversion and unconstitutional procedure for transferring land from state property to communal property; simplification of the scheme of transfer of land to private ownership; increasing manifestations of land corruption at the local level; inefficiency of communication in land issues of local self-government, business and state; weakening state control over land use and protection; inconsistency of land management and planning documentation within the framework of a comprehensive plan for spatial development of communities; lack of financial support for inventory of land in communities; land use is not for the intended purpose; uncertainty with the payment of land in the event of a change in the purpose of the land plot; threat of overstatement or understatement of land prices; strengthening the differentiation of territorial communities by the value of land assets and their financial capacity; lack of state support for agricultural producers; reduction of efficiency of small agricultural producers; strengthening the negative impact of agricultural holdings on the sustainable development of rural areas; the disappearance of villages and furization rural settlement network. Ways of avoiding and smoothing the negative consequences of institutional traps related to transactions on the transfer of agricultural land outside settlements to communal property are proposed. The emphasis is on increasing the role of state bodies in the regulation of land relations at the local level and the practical implementation of the concept of integrated development of communities and territories.

 Key words: land reform, form of ownership of land (state, communal, private), market turnover of agricultural land, institute, institutional trap, territory, territorial community, sustainable development.

 

 

 

 

 1. Zemelnyi kodeks Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 25.10.2001 r. № 2768-III (potochna redaktsiia vid 09.06.2022) [Land Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine dated 25.10.2001 №2768-III (current edition of 09.06.2022)]. (09.06.2022). Available at: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768-14#Text.

2. Halushkina, T. P., Sydorchenko, T. F., Krynytska, O. O. Kontseptualni pryntsypy formuvannia rynku zemel v Ukraini yak osnova zabezpechennia staloho rozvytku terytorii [Conceptual principles of land market formation in Ukraine as the basis for ensuring sustainable development of territories]. Economy and management, 2013, no. 4, pp. 83–87.

 3. Smovzhenko, T. S., Korkuna, O. I., Korkuna, I. I., Khromiak, U.V. Vplyv zemelnoi reformy na rozvytok obiednanykh terytorialnykh hromad [Influence of land reform on the development of united territorial communities]. Sotsialno-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrainy. [Socio-economic problems of the modern period of Ukraine], 2020, vol. 1 (141), pp. 29– 33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-1-4.

 4. Ivaniuk, T. L. Formuvannia zemelnykh vidnosyn obiednanykh terytorialnykh hromad rehionu u konteksti detsentralizatsii [Formation of land relations of the united territorial communities of the region in the context of decentralization]. Aktualni problemy rozvytku ekonomiky rehionu [Actual problems of development of the economy of the region], 2021, vol. 17, iss. 2, pp. 148–158. DOI: https://doi. org/10.15330/apred.2.17.148-158.

 5. Pronko, L. M.. Osoblyvosti vykorystannia zemel derzhavnoi vlasnosti v umovakh detsentralizatsii [Peculiarities of the use of state property lands in the conditions of decentralization]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo [Economy and society], 2022, no. 36. Available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2022-36-19.

 6. Nort, D. (1997). Institutyi, institutsionalnyie izmeneniya i funktsionirovanie ekonomiki [Institutions, Institutional Changes and the Functioning of the Economy/trans. From English]. Moscow: Fond ekonomicheskoy knigi Nachala, 180 p. Available at: https:// www.twirpx.com/file/110660/.

7. Polterovich, V.M. Institutsionalnyie lovushki i ekonomicheskie reformyi [Institutional traps and economic reforms]. Ekonomika i matematicheskie metodyi [Economics and mathematical methods], 1999, no. 2, pp. 1–37. Available at: http://mathecon.cemi.rssi. ru/vm_polterovich/files/ep99001.pdf.

8. Zemelna detsentralizatsiia i hromady: yak zminytsia zhyttia OTH pislia zapusku rynku zemli ta zakonu pro heoprostorovi dani? (25.06.2021) [Land decentralization and communities: how will the life of the united territorial communities change after the launch of the land market and the law on geospatial data?]. Agropolit. com: sait [Аgropolit.com: site]. Available at: https:// agropolit.com/spetsproekty/885-zemelna-detsentralizatsiya-i-gromadi-yak-zminitsya-jittya-otg-pislya-zapusku-rinku-zemli-ta-zakonu-pro-geoprostorovi-dani (data zvernennia: 24.06.2022).

9. Zemliu – hromadam. Yaki koruptsiini skhemy zruinuie peredavannia zemel u komunalnu vlasnist  (15.03.2021). [The Earth to the Congregations. What corruption schemes will destroy the transfer of land to communal property]. Ekonomichna pravda [Economic truth]. Available at: https://www.epravda.com.ua/projects/zemlia-mozhlyvostei/2021/03/15/671926/.

10. Hromadam torik peredaly u vlasnist blyzko 15 milioniv hektariv zemel (18.01.2022). [The communities last year were given ownership of about 15 million hectares of land]. Ukrinform:: sait [Ukrinform: site]. Available at: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-economy/3387084-gromadam-torik-peredali-u-vlasnist-blizko-15-miljoniv-gektariv-zemel.html.

11. Pustovit, O. Vinnytski zemli: yak podilyly oblast piat miliarderiv? [Vinnytsia lands: how five billionaires divided the region?]. Vn.20minut: sait [Vn.20minut: site]. Available at: https://vn.20minut. ua/Groshi/vinnitski-zemli-yak-podilili-oblast-pyat-milyarderiv-10615398.html. 12.11.2019.

12. Veremeeva, T. Peredacha selskohozyaystvennyih zemel obschinam: kakie riski skryivaet novyiy Ukaz Zelenskogo [Transfer of agricultural land to communities: what risks the new Zelensky Decree hides]. Money.comments: sayt [Money.comments: website]. 2020. Available at: https://money.comments.ua/news/ economy/peredacha-sel-skohozyaystvennyh-zemel-obschinam-kakie-riski-skryvaet-novyy-ukaz-zelenskogo-662241.html (data obrascheniya: 25.06.2022).

 13. North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Changes and Economic Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 152 p.

14. Harazha, O. P. (2020). Instytutsionalni zasady upravlinnia zemelnymy resursamy na riznykh rivniakh terytorialno-haluzevoho rozpodilu: teoriia ta praktyka [Institutional principles of land management at different levels of territorial and sectoral distribution: theory and practice]. Avtoref. dys. ... d-ra ekon. nauk [Abstract of the dissertation of the Doctor of Economic Sciences]: 08.00.03. Zhytomyr, 40 p.

15. Uchenyiy: Ukrainskie pochvyi teryayut plodorodie [Scientist: Ukrainian soils are losing fertility]. Agroportal.ua: sayt [Agroportal.ua: site]. 2016. Available at: https://agroportal.ua/news/tekhnologii/ ukrainskie-pochvy-teryayut-plodorodie/.

16. Skolko kajdyiy god Ukraina teryaet ot degradatsii pochvyi. [How much Ukraine loses every year from soil degradation]. Dengi.ua: sayt [Dengi.ua: site]. 2018. Available at: http://dengi.ua/business/303720Skol-ko-kazhdyj-god-Ukraina-terjaet-ot-degradaciipochvy.

17. Ukrainski chornozemy staly serednoplodoridnymy hruntamy, – Instytut im. Sokolovskoho [Ukrainian chernozem became medium-sized soils, - Sokolovsky Institute]. Propozitsiya: sait [Propozitsiya: site]. 2016. Available at: https://propozitsiya.com/ua/ukrayinski-chornozemy-staly-serednoplodoridnymy-gruntamy-instytut-imsokolovskogo.

 18. V Ukraini rozpochato suputnykovyi monitorynh vykorystannia silskohospodarskykh zemel [Satellite monitoring of agricultural land use has been launched in Ukraine]. Asotsiatsiia mist Ukrainy: sait [Association of Ukrainian Cities: website]. 2019. Available at: https://auc.org.ua/novyna/ ukrayini-rozpochato-suputnykovyy-monitoryngvykorystannya-silskogospodarskyh-zemel.

19. Serhiienko, O., Tkachuk, A. Zemliu – hromadam!? Chy vsiu i navishcho? [Earth - to the communities!? Is it all and why?]. Instytut hromadianskoho suspilstva: sait [Civil Society Institute: website]. 2018. Available at: https://www.csi. org.ua/news/zemlyu-gromadam-chy-vsyu-i-navishho/.

20. Pro zatverdzhennia Metodyky normatyvnoi hroshovoi otsinky zemelnykh dilianok: postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 03.11.2021 r. №1147 (03.11.2021) [On Approval of the Methodology of Normative Monetary Assessment of Land Plots: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 03.11.2021 №1147]. Available at: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/1147-2021-%D0%BF#Text.

21. Nova metodyka normatyvnoi hroshovoi otsinky zemel. [New methodology of normative monetary valuation of lands]. Kmp.ua: vebportal [Kmp.ua: web portal]. 2021. Available at: http://kmp.ua/uk/analytics/ infoletters/new-methodology-for-the-normativemonetary-valuation-of-lands/.

22. Khomiuk, N. L. (2019). Dyversyfikatsiia rozvytku silskykh terytorii v umovakh detsentralizatsii: monohrafiia [Diversification of rural development under decentralization: monograph]. Lutsk: VezhaDruk, 320 p.

23. Tymechko, I. R. Instytutsiini osoblyvosti upravlinnia vlasnistiu terytorialnoi hromady [Institutional features of territorial community property management]. Ekonomika Ukrainy [Economy of Ukraine], 2020, no. 9, pp. 37–47. DOI: https://doi. org/10.15407/economyukr.2020.09.037.

24. Levandivskyi, O. T., Balaniuk, I. F., Shelenko, D. I., Sas, L.S. Finansovyi mekhanizm kapitalizatsii zemelnykh resursiv silskohospodarskykh pidpryiemstv rehionu u vzaiemovidnosynakh iz terytorialnymy hromadamy [Financial mechanism of capitalization of land resources of agricultural enterprises of the region in relations with territorial communities]. Aktualni problemy rozvytku ekonomiky rehionu [Actual problems of development of the economy of the region], 2021, iss. 17, vol. 2, pp. 124–134. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.15330/apred.2.17.124-134.

25. Shapravskyi, R. Oleksii Mushak: Yakshcho zemlia – natsionalne bahatstvo, vona ne maie koshtuvaty prynyzlyvo deshevo [Oleksiy Mushak: If the land is a national wealth, it should not cost humiliatingly cheap]. RBK-Ukraina: sait [RBC-Ukraine: site]. 2019. Available at: https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/alekseymushak-zemlya-natsionalnoe-bogatstvo-.... html.

 26. Nikolov, D. Defitsyt robochykh ruk ta finansovi vyklyky: yaku pidtrymku nadaie derzhava ahrariiam u 2022 rotsi [Deficit of working hands and financial challenges: what support does the state provide to farmers in 2022]. Eba.com: sait [Еba.com: site]. 2022. Available at: https://eba.com.ua/defitsyt-robochyhruk-ta-finansovi-vyklyky-yaku-pidtrymku-nadayederzhava-agrariyam-u-2022-rotsi/.

27. Sabluk, P. T. Problemy modernizatsii zemel- nykh vidnosyn v Ukraini [Problems of modernization of land relations in Ukraine]. Ekonomika APK [Economy of APK], 2021, no. 10, pp. 21–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202110021.

28. Vilnyi obih zemli v YeS – 8 modelei, pro yaki ne rozkazhut eksperty. ["Free land turnover in the EU" - 8 models that will not be told by experts]. Agropolit: sait [Agropolit: site]. 2017. Available at: https://agropolit. com/news/5307-vilniy-obig-zemli-v-yes---8-modeleypro-yaki-ne-rozkajut-eksperti.

29. Krysak, A. I. Dosvid rehuliuvannia zemelnykh vidnosyn v krainakh zarubizhzhia [Experience of land governance in foreign countries]. Ekonomichnyi forum [Economic Forum], 2013, no. 2, pp. 118–125.

30. Popova, O. L. Osnovy harmonizatsii ahrarnoho i silskoho rozvytku v suchasnii ahrarnii politytsi [Fundamentals of harmonization of agrarian and rural development in modern agrarian policy]. Ekonomika Ukrainy [Economy of Ukraine], 2014, no. 10, pp. 32–43.

31. Lupenko, Yu. Shchoroku z mapy krainy znykaie blyzko 20 silskykh naselenykh punktiv [Every year, about 20 rural settlements disappear from the country's map]. Agropolit.com: sait [Аgropolit.com: site]. 2017. Available at: https://agropolit.com/interview/309yuriy-lupenko-schoroku-z-mapi-krayini....

 

 

AttachmentSize
PDF icon zakharchenko_v_2-2022.pdf524.13 KB